1863- Lincoln announces preliminary reconstruction plan.
It offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge loyalty to the government and accept the elimination of slavery.
1864- Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee are readmitted to union under Lincoln Plan.
All three were under union occupation.
Wade-Davis bill passed
It authorized the president to appoint a provisional governor for each conquered state.
1865- Lincoln assassinated
John Wilkes shot Abraham Lincoln and the Fords Theatre in Washington. He died early the next morning.
Johnson tries to readmit the rest of the Confederate states to the Union.
This was similar to the Wade-Davis bill. In order to gain readmission to congress, a state had to revoke its ordinance of secession, abolish slavery, ratify the 13th amendment, and repudiate the confederate and state war debts, elect state government and send representatives to congress.
Black codes enacted in south
Gave whites substantial control over former slaves, allowed unemployed African Americans to be arrested, forbade blacks to own or lease farms, prevented blacks from working certain jobs.
Freedmen’s Bureau established
The Bureau supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen, including issuing rations, clothing and medicine.
Congress reconvenes and refuses to admit southern representatives; creates Joint Committee on Reconstruction
It was created to "inquire into the condition of the States which formed the so-called Confederate States of America, and report whether they, or any of them, are entitled to be represented in either house of Congress."
1866- Freedmen’s Bureau Act renewed
Established a bureau for blacks and whites left destitute by the war.
Congress approves the 14th amendment
Many of the southern states reject it.
Republicans gain in congressional elections
Ex Parte Milligan challenges Radicals reconstruction plans
It was a US Supreme Court case that ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional.
Ku Klux Klan formed in south.
A racist organization formed by white supremacists.
1867- Military Reconstruction Act outlines congressional plan of reconstruction.
This was used to reconstruct the southern governments by using the northern governments as examples.
Tenure of office act and command of the army act restrict the president’s power.
It denied the power to remove anyone who had been appointed by a past President without the advice and consent of and is approved by the removal during the next full session of Congress.
Southern states establish reconstruction governments under congressional plan.
Unites States purchases Alaska
Purchased from the Russian Empire
1868- Most southern states readmitted to union under congressional plans
The Lincoln-Johnson governments were rejected.
Andrew Johnson was impeached but not convicted.
Republicans found grounds for impeachment, they believed, when Johnson dismissed Secretary of War Stanton despite congresses refusal to agree, thus violating the Tenure of Office Acts.
Ulysses S Grant elected president
18th president of the United States and military commander during the Civil War.
1869- Congress passes 15th Amendment
Prevents governments to restrict the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
First redeemer governments elected in south
Reduced and even eliminated many programs of the state governments.
1870- The last of the southern states were readmitted to the union
The Enforcement Acts passed
Used to protect the rights of all blacks.
1871- Alabama Claims settled
These were claims for damages by the United States against Great Britain.
1872- Liberal Republicans defect
They opposed the re election of Ulysses S Grant and his Radical Republican supporters
Ulysses S Grant reelected
He was reelected by an overwhelming majority.
1873- Commercial and financial panic disrupts economy
1875- Specie Resumption Act passed
It provided for the redemption of United Stated paper currency, in gold starting in 1879
Whiskey Ring scandal discredits Grant administration
It was a scandal exposing diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy involving government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributers.
1877- Rutherford B Hayes elected president after disputed election
He lost the popular vote and won the election by one electoral vote.
Last federal troops withdrawn from south after compromise of 1877
An unwritten deal that disputed the disputer election.
Last southern states “redeemed”
By 1872, all but a handful of Southern whites had regained suffrage.
1880- Joel Chandler Harris publishes Uncle Remus.
This was a collection of African American folktales.
1883- Supreme Court upholds segregation in private institutions. “Separate but equal”
1890- Jim Crow laws passed through-out south.
They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities.
Lynching increases in the south
This, along with the Jim Crow laws, served to inhibit black agitation for equal rights.
1895- Booker T Washington outlines Atlanta Compromise
Addressed the issue of racial relations.
1896- Plessy V Ferguson upholds “separate but equal” racial facilities being constitutional.
1898- Williams V Mississippi validates literacy tests for voting
This set requirements for voter registration.
Separate But Equal?: The Road to Brown . Web. 12 Dec 2010. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/PLESSY.jpg.
Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey. 13th ed. 1. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 2009. 405-436. Print.
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